1.	A cell has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes. Based on this information, what type of cell could this be?
A.	A cell from a pine tree
B.	A grasshopper cell
C.	A human red blood cell
D.	A bacterium
(Total 1 mark)

2.	If a mitochondrion has a length of 5 µm and a student’s drawing of the mitochondrion is 10 mm, what is the magnification of the drawing?
A.	×0.0005
B.	×0.5
C.	×200
D.	×2000
(Total 1 mark)

3.	What are the names of the organs labelled I and II in the diagram below?

	I	II	
A.	pancreas	liver	
B.	small intestine	large intestine	
C.	gall bladder	pancreas	
D.	esophagus	stomach	
(Total 1 mark)

4.	Which of the following is transported by the blood?
A.	Gametes
B.	Glycogen
C.	Heat
D.	Starch
(Total 1 mark)

5.	Which of the following is correct for lipase?

	Substrate	Source	pH optimum	
A.	triglycerides	pancreas	pH = 8	
B.	fatty acids	small intestine	pH = 7	
C.	triglycerides	small intestine	pH = 9	
D.	fatty acids	pancreas	pH = 9	
(Total 1 mark)

6.	A blood clot forms around a fibrous network of protein. What is the protein?
A.	Fibrinogen
B.	Fibrin
C.	Thrombin
D.	Thrombokinase
(Total 1 mark)

7.	What is the difference between the structure of all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes?

	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes	
A.	cell wall	no cell wall	
B.	chloroplasts	no chloroplasts	
C.	flagellum	no flagellum	
D.	nucleoid	nuclear envelope	
(Total 1 mark)

8.	What route is used to export proteins from the cell?
A.	Golgi apparatus → rough endoplasmic reticulum → plasma membrane
B.	Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane
C.	Golgi apparatus → lysosome → rough endoplasmic reticulum
D.	Rough endoplasmic reticulum → lysosome → Golgi apparatus
(Total 1 mark)

9.	In a cell, what is the effect of a large surface area to volume ratio?
A.	Slower rate of exchange of waste materials
B.	Faster heat loss
C.	Faster rate of mitosis
D.	Slower intake of food
(Total 1 mark)

10.	Which describes these molecules correctly?

	I	II	
A.	ribose	amino acid	
B.	glucose	amino acid	
C.	ribose	fatty acid	
D.	glucose	fatty acid	
(Total 1 mark)

11.	Which best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?
A.	The interaction of polypeptide subunits and prosthetic groups
B.	Interactions forming hydrogen bonds between the amino acids
C.	The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
D.	The structure formed from interactions between the amino acid side groups
(Total 1 mark)

12.	Tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula) are found in lakes and lagoons throughout Europe. They eat molluscs, insects and plants, sometimes from the surface but mostly by diving under the water. The graph shows how the heart rate of a tufted duck changes when diving under the water.

	[R Stephenson, P J Butler and A J Woakes. 1986. “Diving behaviour and heart rate in tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula).” J Exp Biol. Vol 126. Pp 341–359.]
 
(a)	State the length of time the tufted duck was under the water.
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(1)
 
(b)	Outline the changes in the heart rate during the dive.
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(2)
 
(c)	Suggest, with a reason, the type of respiration used by the tufted duck during the dive.
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(1)
 
	When swimming on the surface, the blood supply to different parts of the body of the tufted duck varies according to whether it is swimming at normal speed or maximum speed.

	[Source: Butler, PJ, Turner, DL, Al-Wassia, A & Bevan, RM. 1988. “Regional distribution of blood flow during swimming in the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula).” J Exp Biol. Vol 135. Pp 461–472.]

(d)	Calculate the percentage increase in blood flow to the leg muscles when the tufted duck changes from swimming at normal speed to swimming at maximum speed.

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(1)
 
(e)	Compare the blood flow to the heart muscles with the blood flow to the flight muscles when changing from swimming at normal speed to swimming at maximum speed.
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(f)	Explain the changes in blood flow that occur when swimming at maximum speed.
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(2)

(g)	Predict, with reference to both graphs, what would happen to the blood flow to the heart muscles when the tufted duck is diving.
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(2)
 
(h)	State the hormone that affects heart rate.
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(1)
(Total 12 marks)

13.	The electron micrograph below shows the ultrastructure of part of an animal cell.
		
	[Source: Reproduced with the kind permission of the Electron Microscopy Facility, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA, and Professor Daniel G. Blackburn.]

(a)	Identify the structure labelled I.
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(1)
 
(b)	Explain briefly how materials produced in the structure labelled I are transported to the plasma membrane.
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(2)
 
(c)	Outline the function of the mitochondria in the cell.
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(2)
 
(d)	Suggest why the two labelled mitochondria are different shapes in the micrograph.
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

14.	Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
	(a)	Explain why DNA must be replicated before mitosis and the role of helicase in DNA replication.
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(b)	Explain how the base sequence of DNA is conserved during replication.
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(c)	Describe the events that occur during mitosis.
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(9)
		
 (Total 20 marks)